Focused and collimated Gaussian laser beam scintillation in weakly turbulent marine atmospheric medium

Propagation of a Focused Laser Beam in a Turbulent Atmosphere

Laser and Gaussian Beam Propagation and Transformation

Optical engineers and researchers working on optics deal with laser beams and optical systems as usual tools in their specific areas. The knowledge of the special characteristics of the propagation of laser beams through optical systems has to be one of the keystones of their actual work, and the clear definition of their characteristic parameters has an important impact in the success of the a...

Analyzing the Propagation Behavior of a Gaussian Laser Beam through Seawater and Comparing with Atmosphere

Study of the beam propagation behavior through oceanic media is a challenging subject. In this paper, based on generalized Collins integral, the mean irradiance profile of Gaussian laser beam propagation through ocean is investigated. Power In Special Bucket (PIB) is calculated. Using analytical expressions and calculating seawater transmission, the effects of absorption and scattering on beam ...

Gaussian beam propagation in maritime atmospheric turbulence: long term beam spread and beam wander analysis

Laser beam propagation in maritime environment is particularly challenging, not only for scattering and absorption due to high humidity, but also for a different behavior of atmospheric turbulence with respect to terrestrial propagation. Recently, a new power spectrum for the fluctuations of the refractive index in the Earth’s atmosphere has been introduced to describe maritime atmospheric turb...

Evaluating Red Reflex and Surgeon Preference Between Nearly-Collimated and Focused Beam Microscope Illumination Systems.

PURPOSE To evaluate the intensity and stability of the red reflex produced by ophthalmic surgical microscopes with nearly-collimated versus focused illumination systems and to assess surgeon preference in a simulated surgical setting. METHODS This two-part evaluation consisted of postproduction surgical video analysis of red reflex intensity and a microscope use and preference survey complete...